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- <text id=91TT2886>
- <title>
- Dec. 30, 1991: South Africa:Negotiations at Last
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1991
- Dec. 30, 1991 The Search For Mary
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- WORLD, Page 30
- SOUTH AFRICA
- Negotiations At Last
- </hdr><body>
- <p>The nation's black and white leaders gather to start designing a
- democracy
- </p>
- <p> Peace and goodwill were appropriately item No. 1 on the
- national agenda the weekend before Christmas. They were the
- objectives proclaimed by all 19 of the delegations that opened
- formal negotiations on a new, nonracial constitution for the
- country. As the 228 black, white, Indian and mixed-race
- politicians gathered for the first session of the Convention for
- a Democratic South Africa at a conference center near
- Johannesburg, African National Congress leader Nelson Mandela
- said the challenge they faced was "to unshackle ourselves from
- the past and build anew."
- </p>
- <p> Now that the legislative pillars of apartheid have been
- scrapped, South Africa is trying to complete its transformation
- into a multiparty parliamentary system that will, for the first
- time, include the black majority. As its first task, the
- convention must provide the framework for a new constitution and
- the transition to it.
- </p>
- <p> There unanimity ends. The A.N.C. and its allies demand
- that the white government of President F.W. de Klerk hand over
- power to an interim government that would hold elections for a
- constituent assembly to draft a new constitution. The ruling
- National Party rejects the idea, though it is willing to amend
- the present constitution to allow blacks to participate in the
- government during the transition. The government also opposes
- the notion of an elected constituent assembly. De Klerk says he
- intends to "share power," but will not surrender it to a black
- majority.
- </p>
- <p> The convention is open to all parties that want to
- participate, and a wide spectrum of political groups and local
- leaders went to the table. The opening session attracted
- spokesmen for most South Africans, but it was not completely
- representative because some extremist groups are boycotting the
- whole process.
- </p>
- <p> The mostly Afrikaner Conservative Party, the official
- opposition in Parliament, calls the talks a recipe for white
- "annihilation." The neo-Nazi Afrikaner Resistance Movement says
- it will not negotiate with "terrorists and communists." Both
- warn they will fight rather than accept a black government.
- Right-wing whites were suspected of setting off bombs last week
- in the Orange Free State and the Transvaal; there were no
- injuries.
- </p>
- <p> On the other side, the Patriotic Front of 90 mostly black
- organizations forged last October has split. The far-left Pan
- Africanist Congress, which still uses the slogan "One settler,
- one bullet," denounces the convention as a sellout to whites.
- So does the Azanian People's Organization, a small
- black-consciousness group.
- </p>
- <p> Even if Mandela and De Klerk bridge their differences on
- how to get started, another broad area of disagreement lies
- ahead. The A.N.C. wants the new constitution to provide for
- majority rule and a strong, centralized government. The National
- Party is holding out for a collective three- or five-person
- presidency, a decentralized federal system and what amounts to
- a veto for whites over major legislation.
- </p>
- <p> Last week's session was not intended to resolve all the
- issues. It provided a forum for the participants to state their
- opening positions and to figure out how to take the next step.
- Before adjourning on Saturday, the convention adopted a
- "declaration of intent" vowing to achieve democracy. The
- delegates also set up working groups that will begin meeting
- next month on questions like the basic principles of a new
- constitution and the nature of a transitional government. The
- groups plan to report to another session of the convention in
- mid-March.
- </p>
- <p> By Bruce W. Nelan. Reported by Peter Hawthorne/Cape Town
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
-
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